By Evan Sones, DVM, MS, DACVIM, BOARD-CERTIFIED IN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Humans, particularly residents of Florida, are well aware of the dangers of too much sun exposure and the risks of contracting cancers like melanoma. Cats and dogs have fur that offers partial protection from UV exposure, and unlike people, melanoma in pets is more often found in the mouth or nail beds rather than on sun-exposed skin. However, excessive sun exposure can increase the risk of other types of skin cancer in pets.
Florida pet owners should take extra care due to the state’s higher UV index, geographic location, and the tendency for pets to spend more time outdoors year-round. Walking dogs on concrete or sand can increase UV exposure, particularly to sparsely haired belly areas, due to reflected sunlight and prolonged exposure. Cats that sit in windows for warmth can be exposed to dangerous UV rays. White or light-colored cats are especially susceptible to cancers on their faces and ear tips. Dogs with short coats and minimal hair on their belly areas can be more prone to cancer. Breeds with short coats and limited pigmentation, such as Pit Bulls and Italian Greyhounds, may be at higher risk of sun-associated skin cancers.
Common skin cancers in dogs:
- Mast cell tumors– the most common skin cancer in dogs, accounting for about 20% of all skin tumors.
- Squamous cell carcinoma– often affects sun-exposed areas with little pigmentation or hair, like the belly, nose, and ear tips. More common in breeds with light-colored coats.
- Melanomas– when they do occur, the malignant form is more commonly found in the mouth or on nail beds rather than on the skin itself. Oral melanomas in dogs tend to be quite aggressive.
Common skin cancers in cats:
- Squamous cell carcinoma – the most common skin cancer in cats, particularly affecting white cats or those with white ears and noses. Sun exposure is a major risk factor.
- Basal cell tumors – generally benign in cats, appearing as firm, raised masses.
- Mast cell tumors – less common than in dogs; cutaneous forms in cats are often less aggressive, though behavior can vary.
Although cancers tied to sun exposure are more common in older pets, owners can implement preventative measures early in the lives of their dogs or cats in an effort to avoid cancers later in life. Those preventative measures include:
- Apply UV tinting or covers to windows where cats love to enjoy the warmth or simply close the blinds or shades.
- Walk dogs in the early morning or evening hours when the sun is less intense.
- Purchase clothing specifically designed to protect dogs from sun damage. Available from most major retailers and pet stores, these items cover the belly area.
- Apply sunscreen to your dog before going outside. Make sure it is formulated for dogs, not people.
- Minimize outdoor “sunbathing” or provide a UV-protected tent for the pets to lie under.
Catching cancer early usually leads to better outcomes; therefore, get to know your pet’s body and check it on a regular basis. What does pre-cancer look like? Here are a few signs:
- In general, non-healing sores on the skin.
- In cats, watch for small dry areas on the tips of ears or nose.
- In dogs, red or dry blotches on the belly can be warning signs, as are blood red spots that raise over time and can change in appearance.
Take photos of areas that are of concern to determine changes. Share any worries with your primary care veterinarian and make sure your pets get regular check-ups.
For more information about specific cancers, please visit our Resources Page. Our team of oncology experts at Animal Cancer Care Clinic’s seven locations throughout Florida are available to assist you with your pet’s individual situation. To schedule a consultation, please call 954-527-3111 in South Florida or 407-930-6679 in Central Florida.